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The Niger–Congo languages constitute the largest language family spoken in West Africa and perhaps the world in terms of the number of languages. One of its salient features is an elaborate noun class system with grammatical concord. A large majority of languages of this family are tonal such as Yoruba and Igbo, Akan and Ewe language. A major branch of Niger–Congo languages is the Bantu phylum, which has a wider speech area than the rest of the family (see Niger–Congo B (Bantu) in the map above). Official projection "Egypt: Administrative Division". City Population. 13 Apr 2022 . Retrieved 25 Jun 2023. Africa, the second largest continent, is bounded by the Mediterranean Sea, the Red Sea, the Indian Ocean, and the Atlantic Ocean. It is divided almost equally in half by the Equator. Retrieved 12 April 2010". 101languages.net. 26 August 2007. Archived from the original on 15 October 2010 . Retrieved 22 September 2010. a b Tomasz, Kamusella; Finex, Ndhlovu (2018). The Social and Political History of Southern Africa's Languages. Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp.17–18. ISBN 978-1-137-01592-1.

Friedrich Müller lägger till berberspråken och de kushitiska språken till de "nilo-hamitiska" språken. Trots likheter räknar han inte hausa till hamitiska språk. Müller sammanfattar de "nilohamitiska" och semitiska språken till den "hamito-semitiska" språkstammen (arbeten 1876-88). With more than 20 million speakers, Malagasy is one of the most widely spoken of the Austronesian languages.Official projection "Nigeria: Administrative Division". City Population. 23 Aug 2022 . Retrieved 25 Jun 2023. Domínguez, Francesc; López, Núria (1995), Sociolinguistic and language planning organizations, John Benjamins Publishing Company, ISBN 9027219516 , retrieved 28 May 2010 The Afrikaners primarily were Protestants, of the Dutch Reformed Church of the 17th century. Their religious practices would later be influenced in South Africa by British ministries during the 1800s. [38] A landmark in the development of the language was the translation of the whole Bible into Afrikaans. While significant advances had been made in the textual criticism of the Bible, especially the Greek New Testament, the 1933 translation followed the Textus Receptus and was closely akin to the Statenbijbel. Before this, most Cape Dutch-Afrikaans speakers had to rely on the Dutch Statenbijbel. This Statenvertaling had its origins with the Synod of Dordrecht of 1618 and was thus in an archaic form of Dutch. This was hard for Dutch speakers to understand, and increasingly unintelligible for Afrikaans speakers. a b Austin, Peter, ed. (2008). One Thousand Languages: Living, Endangered, and Lost. University of California Press. p.97. ISBN 9780520255609. Baker, Colin; Prys Jones, Sylvia (1997), Encyclopedia of bilingualism and bilingual education, Multilingual Matters Ltd., ISBN 9781853593628 , retrieved 19 May 2010

Afroasiatic languages are spread throughout Western Asia, North Africa, the Horn of Africa and parts of the Sahel. Official projection "2019 KPHC – Analytical Report on Population Projections Vol XVI". knbs.or.ke. 15 Nov 2022. p23 . Retrieved 25 Jun 2023. Standardisation [ edit ] The side view of the Pretoria Art Museum in Arcadia, Pretoria, with its name written in Afrikaans and Xhosa. As phonemes, /iː/ and /uː/ occur only in the words spieël /spiːl/ 'mirror' and koeël /kuːl/ 'bullet', which used to be pronounced with sequences /i.ə/ and /u.ə/, respectively. In other cases, [ iː] and [ uː] occur as allophones of, respectively, /i/ and /u/ before /r/. [95]

Babbel.com; GmbH, Lesson Nine. "How Many People Speak Portuguese, And Where Is It Spoken?". Babbel Magazine . Retrieved 2 September 2023. Bogaards, Attie H. "Bybelstudies" (in Afrikaans). Archived from the original on 10 October 2008 . Retrieved 23 September 2008. census result "Mozambique: Administrative Division". City Population. 11 Jun 2023 . Retrieved 25 Jun 2023.

a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Nationalencyklopedin "Världens 100 största språk 2007" The World's 100 Largest Languages in 2007 Most of the words in this list are descendants from Dutch borrowings from French, Old French or Latin, and are not direct influences from French on Afrikaans. Machan, Tim William (2009), Language anxiety: conflict and change in the history of English, Oxford University Press, ISBN 9780191552489 , retrieved 3 June 2010 For morphology; see Holm 1989, p.338, Geerts & Clyne 1992, p.72. For grammar and spelling; see Sebba 1997, p.161. Ellis, Stephen (ed.) (1996). Africa Now: People – Policies – Institutions. The Hague: Ministry of Foreign Affairs (DGIS).

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Official estimate "Administrative Units Population Distribution Report" (PDF). statssa.gov.za. 28 Jul 2022. p8 . Retrieved 25 Jun 2023.

Language, Volume 61, Issues 3–4. Linguistic Society of America. 1985. p.695 . Retrieved 31 January 2017. Afrikaans-language cinema showed signs of new vigour in the early 21st century. The 2007 film Ouma se slim kind, the first full-length Afrikaans movie since Paljas in 1998, is seen as the dawn of a new era in Afrikaans cinema. Several short films have been created and more feature-length movies, such as Poena is Koning and Bakgat (both in 2008) have been produced, besides the 2011 Afrikaans-language film Skoonheid, which was the first Afrikaans film to screen at the Cannes Film Festival. The film Platteland was also released in 2011. [88] The Afrikaans film industry started gaining international recognition via the likes of big Afrikaans Hollywood film stars, like Charlize Theron ( Monster) and Sharlto Copley ( District 9) promoting their mother tongue. Greenberg inser att de olika grenarna i den hamitosemitiska gruppen är likaberättigade och överger tvådelningen i "semitiska" och "hamitiska" språk. Som en följd av detta döper han om denna enhet till "afroasiatiska språk", eftersom det gamla namnet erinrar om denna felaktiga uppdelning. Official projection "Projections Demographiques au Niveau Communal" (PDF). isteebu.bi. 1 Feb 2020. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2023 . Retrieved 26 Jun 2023.

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Holm, John A. (1989), Pidgins and Creoles: References survey, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 9780521359405 , retrieved 19 May 2010 Dutch: En ik zeg (tegen) jullie: wat zoeken jullie hier bij mij? Ik zoek jullie niet! Nee, ga nu weg! Kaapse Afrikaans: En ik seg ve' djille, wat soek djille hie' by my? Ik soek'ie ve' djille nie! Nei, gaat nou weg! Afrikaans: En ek sê vir julle, wat soek julle hier by my? Ek soek julle nie! Nee, gaan nou weg! English (literal): And I say to you, what seek you here by me? I seek you not! No, go now away! English: And I'm telling you, what are you looking for here? I'm not looking for you! No, go away now! Oranjerivierafrikaans [ edit ] Afrikaans descended from Dutch dialects in the 17th century. It belongs to a West Germanic sub-group, the Low Franconian languages. [42] Other West Germanic languages related to Afrikaans are German, English, the Frisian languages, and the unstandardised languages Low German and Yiddish. Another difference is the indefinite article, 'n in Afrikaans and een in Dutch. "A book" is 'n boek in Afrikaans, whereas it is either een boek or 'n boek in Dutch. This 'n is usually pronounced as just a weak vowel, [ə], just like English "a". The apostrophe and the following letter are regarded as two separate characters, and are never written using a single glyph, although a single character variant of the indefinite article appears in Unicode, ʼn.