ALKANI Industrial Coat Tree Coat Rack Stand, Hat Rack Umbrella Stand Coat Tree, Hall Tree Free Standing, With 6 Beech Wood Hooks, For Clothes, Hat, Bag

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Uporabnost alkanov je zelo natančno pogojena s številom ogljikovih atomov. Prvi štirje alkani se uporabljajo predvsem za goriva v gospodinjstvu in industriji ter za proizvodnjo električne energije v plinskih elektrarnah. Metan in etan sta glavni komponenti zemeljskega plina, ki se od nahajališč do porabnikov prevaža v plinastem stanju pod visokim pritiskom ali v tekočem stanju v ohlajenih tlačnih posodah. With their repeated – CH 2 units, the alkanes constitute a homologous series of organic compounds in which the members differ in molecular mass by multiples of 14.03 u (the total mass of each such methylene-bridge unit, which comprises a single carbon atom of mass 12.01u and two hydrogen atoms of mass ~1.01u each). C nH 2 n+2 + ( 3 / 2 n+ 1 / 2)O 2 → ( n+1)H 2O + nCO 2 or C nH 2 n+2 + ( 3 n + 1 / 2)O 2 → ( n+1)H 2O + nCO 2 Alkani se mogu dobiti iz raznih jedinjenja redukcijom. U labaratoriji se metan dobija zagrevanjem natrijum-acetata sa natrijum hidroksidom:

Alkani od heksadekana navzgor so pomembna sestavina kurilnega olja in mineralnih olj, ki se uporabljajo kot maziva. Maziva imajo tudi antikorozivno delovanje, ker so hidrofobna, tako da voda ne more priti v neposreden stik s kovinskimi površinami. Trdni alkani so parafinski voski, ki jih ne smemo zamenjati s pravimi voski, ki so pretežno estri višjih mastnih kislin. Parafinski voski se uporabljajo za izdelavo sveč.Spoj (s interpunkcijama) se zove: 18-bromo-12-butil-11-kloro-4,8-dietil-5-hidroksi-15-metoksitrikosa-6,13-dien-19-in-3,9-dion

Alkani su zasićeni ugljikovodici, tj. oni koji ne poseduju višestruke veze između atoma ugljenika. Razlika između metana i etana The molecular structure of the alkanes directly affects their physical and chemical characteristics. It is derived from the electron configuration of carbon, which has four valence electrons. The carbon atoms in alkanes are described as sp 3 hybrids; that is to say that, to a good approximation, the valence electrons are in orbitals directed towards the corners of a tetrahedron which are derived from the combination of the 2s orbital and the three 2p orbitals. Geometrically, the angle between the bonds are cos −1(− 1 / 3)≈109.47°. This is exact for the case of methane, while larger alkanes containing a combination of C–H and C–C bonds generally have bonds that are within several degrees of this idealized value. H 3 C C l + 2 N a + C l C H 2 C H 3 ⟶ { C H 3 C H 2 C H 3 C H 3 C H 3 C H 3 C H 2 C H 2 C H 3 + 2 N a C l {\displaystyle \mathrm {H_{3}CCl+2\ Na+ClCH_{2}CH_{3}\longrightarrow {\begin{cases}CH_{3}CH_{2}CH_{3}\\CH_{3}CH_{3}\\CH_{3}CH_{2}CH_{2}CH_{3}\end{cases}}+2NaCl} } Разпространение [ редактиране | редактиране на кода ] Jednostavni kationi stvoreni dodavanjem hidrona na hidrid halogena, halkogena ili nekog elementa dušikove skupine dobivaju naziv dodavanjem sufiksa "-onij" na korijen imena: H 4N + is amonij, H 3O + je oksonij, a H 2F + je fluoronij. Amonij je prisvojen umjesto nitronija, koji označava NO 2 +.CDC - BUTANE - International Chemical Safety Cards - NIOSH”. www.cdc.gov . Приступљено 19. 9. 2017. CS1 одржавање: Формат датума ( веза) U prvoj reakciji, osim klorovodika, nastaje klormetan, u drugoj diklormetan, u trećoj triklormetan, a u četvrtoj tetraklormetan. Alkanes have a low solubility in water, so the content in the oceans is negligible; however, at high pressures and low temperatures (such as at the bottom of the oceans), methane can co-crystallize with water to form a solid methane clathrate (methane hydrate). Although this cannot be commercially exploited at the present time, the amount of combustible energy of the known methane clathrate fields exceeds the energy content of all the natural gas and oil deposits put together. Methane extracted from methane clathrate is, therefore, a candidate for future fuels. Karboksilne kiseline dobivaju sufiks -ska kiselina. Slično aldehidima, zauzimaju "1." mjesto na glavnom lancu, no njihov se broj ne piše. Npr., CH 3CH 2CH 2CH 2COOH (Valerinska kiselina) zove se pentanska kiselina. Neke obične karboksilne kiseline imaju toliko rasprostranjena imena octena kiselina (etanska kiselina), kako se smatraju IUPAC imenima [1]. U slučajevima karboksilnih kiselina spojenih za benzenski prsten, ( Ph-COOH), one dobivaju naziv sličan Benzojevoj kiselini (benzenkarboksilna kiselina) ili njenim derivatima.