The Building of a Nation: The Growth, Present Condition and Resources of the United States With a Forecast of the Future

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Gorski, Philip S. (2000). "The Mosaic Moment: An Early Modernist Critique of the Modernist Theory of Nationalism". American Journal of Sociology. 105 (5): 1428–68. doi: 10.1086/210435. JSTOR 3003771. S2CID 144002511. Archived from the original on 4 December 2022 . Retrieved 27 April 2023.

Official copy (free preview): "The Clash of Civilizations?". Foreign Affairs. Summer 1993. Archived from the original on 29 June 2007. Learn more about how countries decide where to locate their capital cities. (more) See all videos for this article Traditionally, there has been some confusion between the use of the term nation-building and that of state-building (the terms are sometimes used interchangeably in North America). Both have fairly narrow and different definitions in political science, the former referring to national identity, the latter to infrastructure, and the institutions of the state. The debate has been clouded further by the existence of two very different schools of thought on state-building. The first (prevalent in the media) portrays state-building as an interventionist action by foreign countries. The second (more academic in origin and increasingly accepted by international institutions) sees state-building as an indigenous process. For a discussion of the definitional issues, see state-building, Carolyn Stephenson's essay, [20] and the papers by Whaites, CPC/IPA or ODI cited below. Eriksen, Thomas Hylland. Common denominators: Ethnicity, nation-building and compromise in Mauritius (Routledge, 2020). a b c Mylonas, Harris; Tudor, Maya (2021). "Nationalism: What We Know and What We Still Need to Know". Annual Review of Political Science. 24 (1): 109–132. doi: 10.1146/annurev-polisci-041719-101841.

Bereketeab, Redie. "Education as an Instrument of Nation‐Building in Postcolonial Africa." Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism 20.1 (2020): 71–90. online

This book is in part fulfillment of a promise made to the late Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel. It was his earnest Stephenson, Carolyn (January 2005). "Nation Building". Beyond Intractability . Retrieved 27 June 2018.R. Koopmans and P. Statham; "Challenging the liberal nation-state? Postnationalism, multiculturalism, and the collective claims making of migrants and ethnic minorities in Britain and Germany"; American Journal of Sociology 105:652–96 (1999) The most prevalent types of exclusion do not involve the physical expulsion of minorities but rather their social, cultural, and political subordination to the dominant group. Minority groups are often excluded from core state institutions (particularly government), suffer from economic deprivation, and are underrepresented in the national media and the public sphere. In nondemocratic countries, the exclusion of minorities may take the form of direct suppression. In so-called “ethnic democracies” (democratic countries that are dominated by core ethno-national groups), individual rights are granted equally to all citizens, but institutional mechanisms maintain ethno-national boundaries, exclude minorities from the symbols and power-centres of the state, and systematically prioritize the interests of the dominant ethno-national group over the interests of minorities. In Israel, for example, Arabs and Palestinians constitute a large minority of citizens (about 20 percent), yet Arab-Palestinian political parties have never been part of the government, official state symbols contain only the symbols of the Jewish majority group, and the Palestinian narrative of the Jewish-Palestinian conflict is excluded from the curriculum at schools, which exclusively teach the Zionist narrative. In October, tribal raiders from Pakistan began to enter Kashmir in breach of the Standstill Agreement. On 22nd October, 1947, the raids escalated into an all-out invasion with about 5000 armed tribesmen from Pakistan entering Kashmir in 300 lorries carrying surplus arms and ammunition. On the very same day, the town of Muzzafarabad was seized and burnt. On 24th October, the raiders captured the powerhouse of Mahura and switched off electricity to the capital city plunging Srinagar into darkness. Fearing the worst, Maharaja Hari Singh sent a desperate appeal for help to the Government of India. Fundamentally, there are two different approaches to institution-building in healthcare – the paternalistic top-down approach and a participatory bottom-up approach.[ 5] In the top-down approach, a fully loaded high-impact tertiary/quaternary care institution is built first and the services (which the institution deems necessary) are provided to the society.[ 5] The role of the society is only to uptake the services provided at will and participate in the process in a limited manner. A strong institution that clearly stands apart from the rest of the organizations in the milieu in terms of equipment, clinical; and research expertise, key opinion leaders among its faculty, and a strong leader can drive a top-down paternalistic approach and make it a success.[ 5] Several eye care institutions have been developed on this model. The impact of such a model is immediate, measurable, and visible, and the prospect of growth is rapid. The participatory bottom-up approach is based on the premise that “there is wealth (health) at the bottom of the pyramid” and the potential beneficiaries are vitally interested in the change and will be willing participants in the process. Such a model would build excellent primary care facilities catering to villages and groups of villages, linking organically to secondary, tertiary, and quaternary (apex) facilities in district, state, regional/national levels respectively over time. Such an approach, despite a solid community-based foundation and a stable broad base, may be time, resource and energy intensive, and the growth and recognition may be painfully slow, A hybrid approach with an existing fully functional quaternary care institution percolating down to drive primary and secondary levels of care in the region and then establishing several tertiary care facilities to complete the vertical linkage ( meeting in the middle) seems to be a realistic approach that embodies the virtues of both the models. Several successful eye care institutions in India are based on the combined top-down and bottom-up approach. They have become the nuclei for establishing the standards of care and outcome, driving relevant research, incorporating new knowledge into their clinical practice, and teach/train human resources – essential ingredients for improvement and growth. Fukuyama, Francis. January/February 2004. "State of the Union: Nation-Building 101", Atlantic Monthly.

This pathbreaking book was originally published in 1983. Gellner famously defined nationalism as “primarily a political principle that holds that the political and the national unit should be congruent” (p. 1). He emphasized the role of industrialization in the emergence and spread of nationalism through the introduction of mass schooling and assimilation into a high culture. Fritz V, Menocal AR, Understanding State-building from a Political Economy Perspective, ODI, London: 2007. Finally, the Raja acceded Travancore to the Union of India. V.P. Menon believes that this decision had a distinct impact on other rulers who were still undecided and wavering. Junco, José Alvarez. "The nation-building process in nineteenth-century Spain." in Nationalism and the Nation in the Iberian Peninsula (Routledge, 2020) pp.89–106. Karl Wolfgang Deutsch, William J. Folt, eds, Nation Building in Comparative Contexts, New York, Atherton, 1966.Speaking of Vallabhbhai's decision to leave his practice and join the path of satyagraha, Gandhi said 'Vallabhbhai told himself "No doubt my practice is flourishing today. I am also doing something big in the municipality. But the struggle for the peasants in Kheda is bigger than that. My practice may or may not be there tomorrow. My money will be blown tomorrow; those who inherit my money will blow it. Let me leave them a higher legacy than money.' Forming a formidable partnership, these two men managed to secure the accession of 565 princely states into the Union of India in record time. Never before in history had the task of Integration of a Nation been accomplished so swiftly and efficiently. Smith, Anthony D. (1981). The Ethnic Revival in the Modern World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521232678. Politically, Kashmir had a Hindu Raja as its ruler while its three regions of Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh had a Hindu, Muslim and Buddhist majority respectively. As a result Raja Hari Singh had been sitting on the fence acceding neither to India nor to Pakistan till the date of Independence. a b Paglayan, Agustina S. (February 2021). "The Non-Democratic Roots of Mass Education: Evidence from 200 Years". American Political Science Review. 115 (1): 179–198. doi: 10.1017/S0003055420000647. ISSN 0003-0554.