Easy Persian Reader: Beginner to Low Intermediate Level: (Farsi-English Bi-lingual Edition)

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Richardson, Charles Francis (1892). The International Cyclopedia: A Compendium of Human Knowledge. Dodd, Mead. p.541. a b c de Bruijn, J.T.P. (14 December 2015). "Persian literature". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 10 June 2019 . Retrieved 10 July 2019. Persian, Iranian". Ethnologue. Archived from the original on 5 January 2022 . Retrieved 25 February 2021. For Persian language learners, the hardest part about improving their pronunciation [ *] has been always figuring out how to pronounce what they read. As a Persian Teacher for non-Persian speakers, I am fully aware that the resources to refer to are still scarce. That's why Persian Learners usually;

Yazıcı, Tahsin (2010). "Persian authors of Asia Minor part 1". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Archived from the original on 17 November 2020 . Retrieved 6 July 2021. Persian language and culture were actually so popular and dominant in this period that in the late 14th century, Moḥammad (Meḥmed) Bey, the founder and the governing head of the Qaramanids, published an official edict to end this supremacy, saying that: "The Turkish language should be spoken in courts, palaces, and at official institutions from now on!" Main article: Old Persian An Old Persian inscription written in Old Persian cuneiform in Persepolis, Iran John R. Perry, in his article "Lexical Areas and Semantic Fields of Arabic", estimates that about 20 percent of everyday vocabulary in current Persian, and around 25 percent of the vocabulary of classical and modern Persian literature, are of Arabic origin. The text frequency of these loan words is generally lower and varies by style and topic area. It may approach 25 percent of a text in literature. [119] According to another source, about 40% of everyday Persian literary vocabulary is of Arabic origin. [120] Among the Arabic loan words, relatively few (14 percent) are from the semantic domain of material culture, while a larger number are from domains of intellectual and spiritual life. [121] Most of the Arabic words used in Persian are either synonyms of native terms or could be glossed in Persian. [121] a b de Laet, Sigfried J. (1994). History of Humanity: From the seventh to the sixteenth century. UNESCO. ISBN 978-92-3-102813-7. Archived from the original on 27 July 2020 . Retrieved 18 April 2016. , p 734 Contemporary Persian A variant of the Iranian standard ISIRI 9147 keyboard layout for Persian Qajar dynasty

The complex grammatical conjugation and declension of Old Persian yielded to the structure of Middle Persian in which the dual number disappeared, leaving only singular and plural, as did gender. Middle Persian developed the ezāfe construction, expressed through ī (modern e/ye), to indicate some of the relations between words that have been lost with the simplification of the earlier grammatical system. For those of you who are not familiar with the AI Voice generators, they are being used both as a form of assistive technology, helping people with different needs. Such as those with learning difficulties (e.g. dyslexia and ADHD), creators that need the voiceover component of their video footage, and, in our case, Persian Learners. de Bruijn, J.T.P. (1978). "Iran, vii.—Literature". In van Donzel, E.; Lewis, B.; Pellat, Ch.& Bosworth, C. E. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam. Volume IV: Iran–Kha (2nded.). Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp.52–75. OCLC 758278456. Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Ranjit Singh". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol.22 (11thed.). Cambridge University Press. p.892. a b c d e Lazard 1975: "The language known as New Persian, which usually is called at this period (early Islamic times) by the name of Dari or Farsi-Dari, can be classified linguistically as a continuation of Middle Persian, the official religious and literary language of Sassanian Iran, itself a continuation of Old Persian, the language of the Achaemenids. Unlike the other languages and dialects, ancient and modern, of the Iranian group such as Avestan, Parthian, Soghdian, Kurdish, Balochi, Pashto, etc., Old Persian, Middle Persian, and New Persian represent one and the same language at three states of its history. It had its origin in Fars (the true Persian country from the historical point of view) and is differentiated by dialectical features, still easily recognizable from the dialect prevailing in north-western and eastern Iran."

Skjærvø, Prods Oktor (2006). "Iran, vi. Iranian languages and scripts". Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol.XIII. pp.344–377. Archived from the original on 23 April 2020 . Retrieved 10 July 2019. (...) Persian, the language originally spoken in the province of Fārs, which is descended from Old Persian, the language of the Achaemenid empire (6th–4th centuries B.C.E.), and Middle Persian, the language of the Sasanian empire (3rd–7th centuries C.E.).Megerdoomian, Karine (2000). "Persian computational morphology: A unification-based approach" (PDF). Memoranda in Computer and Cognitive Science: MCCS-00-320. p.1. Archived from the original on 2 September 2013 . Retrieved 9 May 2007. {{ cite conference}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( link)

Some of the world's most famous pieces of literature from the Middle Ages, such as the Shahnameh by Ferdowsi, the works of Rumi, the Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám, the Panj Ganj of Nizami Ganjavi, The Divān of Hafez, The Conference of the Birds by Attar of Nishapur, and the miscellanea of Gulistan and Bustan by Saadi Shirazi, are written in Persian. [33] Some of the prominent modern Persian poets were Nima Yooshij, Ahmad Shamlou, Simin Behbahani, Sohrab Sepehri, Rahi Mo'ayyeri, Mehdi Akhavan-Sales, and Forugh Farrokhzad. Middle Persian is considered to be a later form of the same dialect as Old Persian. [70] The native name of Middle Persian was Parsig or Parsik, after the name of the ethnic group of the southwest, that is, "of Pars", Old Persian Parsa, New Persian Fars. This is the origin of the name Farsi as it is today used to signify New Persian. Following the collapse of the Sassanid state, Parsik came to be applied exclusively to (either Middle or New) Persian that was written in the Arabic script. From about the 9th century onward, as Middle Persian was on the threshold of becoming New Persian, the older form of the language came to be erroneously called Pahlavi, which was actually but one of the writing systems used to render both Middle Persian as well as various other Middle Iranian languages. That writing system had previously been adopted by the Sassanids (who were Persians, i.e. from the southwest) from the preceding Arsacids (who were Parthians, i.e. from the northeast). While Ibn al-Muqaffa' (eighth century) still distinguished between Pahlavi (i.e. Parthian) and Persian (in Arabic text: al-Farisiyah) (i.e. Middle Persian), this distinction is not evident in Arab commentaries written after that date. Asatrian, Garnik (2010). Etymological Dictionary of Persian. Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series, 12. Brill Academic Publishers. ISBN 978-90-04-18341-4. Archived from the original on 27 December 2010 . Retrieved 23 May 2010.Orthography Example showing Nastaʿlīq's (Persian) proportion rules [132] [ citation not found] Ali-Akbar Dehkhoda's personal handwriting, a typical cursive Persian script The word "Persian" in the Book Pahlavi script a b Namazi, Nushin (24 November 2008). "Persian Loan Words in Arabic". Archived from the original on 20 May 2011 . Retrieved 1 June 2009.