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Umstadter, D. et al. Laser injection of ultrashort electron pulses into wakefield plasma waves. Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 2073–2076 (1996). M.F. Zhukov and I.M. Zasypkin, Thermal Plasma Torches: Design, Characteristics, Application, Cambridge International Science Publishing, Cambridge, 2007, p 3

First of all, look at your first two lines (with a few edits just to make them more grammatically pleasing, at least compared to the way in which they were first written): Fujian Torch Electron Technology Co., Ltd. Reports Earnings Results for the Half Year Ended June 30, 2023 Jonkers J, van de Sande M, Sola A et al (2003) The role of molecular rare gas ions in plasmas operated at atmospheric pressure. Plasma Sources Sci Technol 12(3):464–474 Rosenzweig, J. B. & Colby, E. Charge and wavelength scaling of RF photoinjector designs. AIP Conf. Proc. 335, 724–737 (1995). R. Huang, H. Fukanuma, Y. Uesugi, and Y. Tanaka, An Improved Local Thermal Equilibrium Model of DC Arc Plasma Torch, IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., 2011, 39(10), p 1974-1982

Nieter, C. & Cary, J. R. VORPAL: a versatile plasma simulation code. J. Comput. Phys. 196, 448–473 (2004). Lajunen, L. H. J.; Perämäki, P. (2004). Spectrochemical Analysis by Atomic Absorption and Emission (2ed.). Cambridge: RSC Publishing. p.205. ISBN 978-0-85404-624-9. Baeva M, Uhrlandt D (2011) Non-equilibrium simulation of the spatial and temporal behavior of a magnetically rotating arc in argon. Plasma Sources Sci Technol 20(3):035008 So the kinetic energy loss at the first case must be less than the kinetic energy loss in the second case.

Baeva M, Loffhagen D, Uhrlandt D (2019) Unified non-equilibrium modelling of tungsten-inert gas microarcs in atmospheric pressure argon. Plasma Chem Plasma Process 39(6):1359–1378 Ridenti MA, de Amorim J, Dal Pino A et al (2018) Causes of plasma column contraction in surface-wave-driven discharges in argon at atmospheric pressure. Phys Rev E 97(1):013201 Fujian Torch Electron Technology Co., Ltd. Reports Earnings Results for the Half Year Ended June 30, 2021 Bourgeois, N., Cowley, J. & Hooker, S. M. Two-pulse ionization injection into quasilinear laser wakefields. Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 155004 (2013).

Now these electrons, as they gain kinetic energy, from an external field, move from one atom's valence shell to the other atom. This is called drift velocity and is very slow. How can then electricity move almost at light speed?

Green, S. Z. et al. Laser ionized preformed plasma at FACET. Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 56, 084011 (2014). a b c Shun'ko, Evgeny V.; Stevenson, David E.; Belkin, Veniamin S. (2014). "Inductively Coupling Plasma Reactor With Plasma Electron Energy Controllable in the Range From ~6 to ~100 eV". IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science. 42 (3): 774–785. Bibcode: 2014ITPS...42..774S. doi: 10.1109/TPS.2014.2299954. ISSN 0093-3813. S2CID 34765246. Fujian Torch Electron Technology Co., Ltd. Reports Earnings Results for the First Quarter Ended March 31, 2022 Sun SR, Kolev S, Wang HX et al (2017) Investigations of discharge and post-discharge in a gliding arc: a 3D computational study. Plasma Sources Sci Technol 26(5):055017 E. Moreau, C. Chazelas, G. Mariaux, and A. Vardelle, Modeling the Restrike Mode Operation of a DC Plasma Spray Torch, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2006, 15(4), p 524-530

Tomassini, P. et al. The resonant multi-pulse ionization injection. Phys. Plasmas 24, 103120 (2017). In planar geometry, the electrode is a length of flat metal wound like a spiral (or coil). In cylindrical geometry, it is like a helical spring. In half-toroidal geometry, it is a toroidal solenoid cut along its main diameter to two equal halves. Litos, M. et al. High-efficiency acceleration of an electron beam in a plasma wakefield accelerator. Nature 515, 92–95 (2014).

On behalf of Torch Electron, we cordially invite you to attend the upcoming Hong Kong Electronics Fair 2023 (Autumn Edition). The fair will be held from October 13th to 16th, and our booth number is 5C-A29. Fujian Torch Electron Technology Plans to Spin Off Electronic Unit for Float on Shanghai Star Market Westhoff R, Szekely J (1991) A model of fluid, heat flow, and electromagnetic phenomena in a nontransferred arc plasma torch. J Appl Phys 70(7):3455–3466

Hidding, B. et al. Ultracold electron bunch generation via plasma photocathode emission and acceleration in a beam-driven plasma blowout. Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 035001 (2012). E = U 2 π r = ω r H 0 2 sin ⁡ ω t {\displaystyle E={\frac {U}{2\pi r}}={\frac {\omega rH_{0}}{2}}\sin \omega t} , [6] Thomas, A. G. R. et al. Monoenergetic electronic beam production using dual collinear laser pulses. Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 255002 (2008). Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK